![]() ![]() The rationale for use of adult stem cells as a treatment for neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis arose from the hope that they had the capacity to foster repair of the CNS through tissue integration and differentiation into neural cells. Stem cells derived from adult source, as well as placental tissues have been successfully probed to generate tissues of the nervous system during disease conditions. Nervous system has limited regenerative potential. There is also evidence of cerebral flow insufficiency into the gray matter in MS suggesting harbinger of neurodegeneration. So during inflammatory stage, the immune system gets activated and nerves get demyelinated while during remission stage, immune attack subsides, and the resident oligiodendrocytes remyelinate. Several genetic factors including HLA-DR15, HLA-A*02 and HLA-DRB1*1501 are documented to relate with MS. Autoimmunity plays an important role in the disease outcome and body's own immune system attacks on the myelin sheath causing the damage. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis is the prototype neurodegenerative disease. About 90% of the MS is relapsing-remitting type, which is characterized by periodic attacks (relapses), followed by partial or complete recovery (remissions).It is also common to have a progressive phase of the disease and a large study showed that around 80% of cases followed by chronic progression within 20 years. Clinically MS is classified into: Primary progressive MS (PPMS), Relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), Secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and progressive relapsing MS. MS causes the removal of fatty myelin sheath from axons of the brain and spinal cord resulting reduced communication among nerve cells. The development of new therapeutic strategies is necessary to reduce the worldwide social and economic impact of neurodegenerative diseases, which produces high rates of morbidity. ![]() There is therefore a significant unmet clinical lacuna for the development of neuroprotective treatments. Although important advances in treatment to reduce relapse rate have been made in the past two decades, no treatments are available for patients with neurodegenerative MS. It is a multifocal CNS pathology constituting two distinct clinical phases corresponding to inter-related pathological processes: focal inflammation that drives activity during the relapse-remitting stage and neurodegeneration that underlies progressive disease characterized by accumulating fixed disability. Is characterized by steadily progressing disease from the beginning and occasional exacerbations along the way.Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 2 million people worldwide and is the most common non-traumatic cause of disability primarily amongst American and European adults. Occurs when the disease progressively gets more advanced over time without going through a relapsing remitting course. Is the most common type of MS where attacks come and go over time and there is no apparent progression of the diseaseįollows the relapsing remitting course and eventually gets progresses more steadily. There are four types of Multiple Sclerosis: The result of this damage is a myriad of symptoms and complications that severely reduces an individual’s quality of life. MS is considered to be an autoimmune disorder or a condition in which the body’s immune system attacks, damages, and/or kills cells within the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive neurological disease in which specific patterns of damage, often referred to as lesions, form in the brain and spinal cord. ![]()
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